Mandatory sampling of regional lymph nodes (hilar, para-aortic, paracaval) is critical. Failure to sample lymph nodes leads to under-staging and suboptimal treatment.
If a pediatrician suspects a Wilms tumor, a structured diagnostic pathway is quickly initiated, typically including:
: Residual non-hematogenous tumor present in the abdomen (e.g., lymph node involvement or tumor rupture).
Features focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, delayed puberty, and gonadoblastoma, also linked to WT1 intron mutations. 3. Molecular Pathogenesis
The overall 5-year survival rate for favorable histology Wilms tumor exceeds 90%. However, survivors require long-term surveillance to monitor for late treatment effects:
