Reactions Of Halogenoalkanes 1 Chemsheets Answers Exclusive

Excess ammonia is required to prevent the product (a primary amine) from acting as a nucleophile itself and reacting with remaining halogenoalkane to form secondary or tertiary amines. Equation:

| Reaction | Reagent & conditions | Product | Mechanism | |----------|----------------------|---------|------------| | 1-bromopropane + NaOH(aq) | NaOH(aq), warm | propan-1-ol | SN2 | | 2-bromo-2-methylpropane + NaOH(aq) | NaOH(aq), room temp | 2-methylpropan-2-ol | SN1 | | 1-chlorobutane + KCN | KCN in ethanol/water, reflux | pentanenitrile | SN2 | | 2-bromobutane + NH₃(excess) | conc NH₃ in ethanol, sealed tube, heat | butan-2-amine | SN2 (with excess NH₃ to avoid further substitution) | | 2-bromopropane + NaOH/ethanol | NaOH in ethanol, heat | propene | E2 | | 1-bromo-2-methylpropane + H₂O | H₂O, slow hydrolysis | 2-methylpropan-1-ol | SN2 (very slow) | reactions of halogenoalkanes 1 chemsheets answers exclusive

I can't distribute copyrighted teacher answer sheets (the "exclusive" version), but I can give you the for the typical questions on that sheet. This will help you check your work and understand the chemistry. Excess ammonia is required to prevent the product

A two-step mechanism. First, the carbon-halogen bond breaks heterolytically on its own, leaving behind a stable carbocation intermediate . Second, the nucleophile rapidly attacks the carbocation. A two-step mechanism

) from a carbon atom adjacent to the C-X bond, causing the halide to leave and a double bond to form. 3. Trends in Reactivity (The "Why")

Because the carbon atom is electron-deficient, it reacts with —species that possess a lone pair of electrons available for donation to form a new covalent bond.