-iron): A face-centered cubic (FCC) phase stable at elevated temperatures, capable of dissolving up to 2.14% carbon. Cementite ( Fe3Ccap F e sub 3 cap C
Beyond these four foundational methods, other specialized techniques exist, including (creating a hard outer layer), stress relieving , and age or precipitation hardening , which is particularly important for non-ferrous metals like aluminum alloys and is covered in detail in standard textbooks. heat treatment of metals by vijendra singhpdf