The relationship between humans and animals is undergoing a profound global shift. For centuries, animals were viewed primarily through the lens of utility—as food, labor, or tools for human advancement. Today, a growing intersection of science, philosophy, and law is challenging this anthropocentric worldview.

Animals have an inherent right to live free from human exploitation, regardless of how "humanely" they are treated.

Modern animal welfare law began in England. In 1822, Richard Martin’s "Ill Treatment of Cattle Bill" (nicknamed "Martin’s Act") was the first major piece of animal protection legislation. It was followed by the founding of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in 1824.