Translating the Sator Square is difficult because "Arepo" is a hapax legomenon—a word that appears nowhere else in classical Latin literature. Scholars frequently treat it as a proper name or a Celtic loanword meaning "plow." The literal translations of the individual words are: : Sower, planter, founder, or creator. Arepo : (Likely) Plow, or a proper name ("Arepus"). Tenet : Holds, keeps, comprehends, or possesses. Opera : Work, care, labor, or effort. Rotas : Wheels, or a wheeled vehicle.