The heat transfer rate between the two surfaces is 3151 W.

% Plot figure; plot(t, T, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Temperature (°C)'); title('Transient Cooling of Copper Sphere'); grid on;

Energy emission via electromagnetic waves, governed by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. 2. Solving Steady-State Conduction in 2D